James Apple

• Indian and Tibetan Buddhism
• Mahayana Buddhism
• Sanskrit
• Tibetan

Book

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  Apple, James. An Old Tibetan Dunhuang Manuscript of the Avaivartikacakrasūtra in the Stein Collection collated with Tibetan Kanjurs Paris: Revue d’Etudes Tibétaines, 2021. 327. Print.
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  Apple, James. Jewels of the Middle Way: The Madhyamaka Legacy of Atiśa and His Early Tibetan Followers Somerville, MA: Wisdom Publications, 2019. 474. Print.
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  Apple, James. Atiśa Dīpaṃkara: Illuminator of the Awakened Mind (Lives of the Masters) Boulder: Shambhala Publications, 2019. 320. Print.
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  Apple, James. A Stairway taken by the Lucid: Tsong kha pa’s Study of Noble Beings Aditya Prakashan, Śata-piṭaka Series, 2013. 227. Print.
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  Apple, James. Stairway to Nirvāṇa: A Study of the Twenty Saṃghas based on the works of Tsong-kha-pa State University of New York Press, 2008. 275. Print.

Book Chapter

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  Apple, James. "Atiśa, The Great Middle Way of Mere Appearance" The Routledge Handbook of Indian Buddhist Philosophy Ed. Apple, James Routledge Press, 2022. 601-614. Print.
• Apple, James. "Maitreya’s Tuṣita Heaven as a Pure Land in Gelukpa forms of Tibetan Buddhism" Buddhism of Pure Lands: A Thematic Anthology of Primary Sources Ed. Payne, Richard Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2019. 188-222. Print.
• Apple, James. "The Filiation of Phylogenetic Analysis in the Study of Tibetan Buddhist Canonical Texts." Introduction to Digital Humanities: Buddhism Ed. Veidlinger, Daniel de Gruyter, 2019. 209-226. Print.
• Apple, James. "The Spiritual Exercises of the Middle Way: Reading Atiśa’s Madhyamakopadeśa with Hadot" Hadot and Buddhist Thought Ed. Fiordalis, David Berkeley: Mangalam Research Center, 2018. 105-144. Print.
• Apple, James. "Caractéristiques des Kanjurs tibétains" Sūtras bouddhiques: un heritage spiritual universal. Manuscrits et iconographie du Sūtra du Lotus Ed. Les Indes savantes Paris: Les Indes savantes, 2016. 88-91. Print.
• Apple, James. "Buddhism in Tibetan History" The Wiley Blackwell Companion to East and Inner Asian Buddhism. Ed. Poceski, Mario Blackwell Publishing (to appear), Print.
• Apple, James. "The Insides and Outsides of a Tibetan Buddhist Ritual on the outskirts of Sujātā Village" Buddhism in Practice Routledge, 2012. Print.
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  Apple, James. "Redescribing Maṇḍalas: A Test Case in Bodh Gayā, India" Introducing Religion: Essays in Honor of Jonathan Z. Smith Ed. Braun, W. and Smith, Jonathan Z. London, UK: Equinox, 2007. 40-56. Print.
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  Apple, James. "Tsong-kha-pa’s Gradual Path System for Ending Mental Afflictions and his Methods for Countering Anger" Buddhist Thought and Applied Psychological Research: Transcending the Boundaries Ed. Nauriyal, D.K. Routledge, 2006. 262-284. Print.
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  Apple, James. "Tenzin Gyatso, His Holiness the Fourteenth Dalai Lama: Embodiment of Compassion as Simple Buddhist Monk" How to Get a Life: Empowering Wisdom From Thinkers and Writers Ed. Baines, L. and McBrayer, D. Atlanta: Humanics Press, 2003. 151-166. Print.

Book Review

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  Apple, James. Karen Derris and Natalie Gummer (editors), Defining Buddhism(s): A Reader (Critical Categories in the Study of Religion Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 2009. Vol. 77, No. 1, pp. 120-123. Print.
• Apple, James. James Blumenthal, The Ornament of the Middle Way: A Study of the Madhyamaka Thought of Śāntarakṣita. Himalaya. The Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies, 2007. Volume 25, Numbers 1 and 2. Print.
• Apple, James. Nicholas Gier, Spiritual Titanism International Journal of Hindu Studies, 2003. Vol. 7 Issue 1-3, p216-217. Print.

Conference

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  Apple, James. Atiśa’s System of Twenty-One Tārās: Mantras, Mudrās, and Manuscripts 2022.
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  Apple, James. The Ten Worlds of Tiantai Zhiyi within Atiśa’s Stages of the Path. アティシャの道次第と天台智顗 2021.
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  Apple, James. Instances of the Middle Way in Early Mahāyāna Sūtras 2018.
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  Apple, James. The Stairway of Correct Conventional Reality: Significant Variant Readings in Candrakīrti’s Madhyamakāvatāra (6.79) 2018.
• Apple, James. An Indian Source for the Opening Verse of the Tibetan version of the Heart Sūtra 2017.
• Apple, James. Atiśa’s Stages of the Path to Awakening: Analysis of a Manuscript in the History of Indo- Tibetan Buddhist Path Literature 2017.
• Apple, James. An Early Twelfth Century Tibetan Commentary on the Distinction between Autonomist and Consequentialist Branches of Madhyamaka. 2017.
• Apple, James. Atiśa and Ratnākaraśānti as Philosophical Opponents with attention to Yuktiṣaṣṭikā, verse 34. 2017.
• Apple, James. The Old Tibetan Version of the Kāśyapaparivarta preserved in Fragments from Dunhuang 2016.
• Apple, James. Mere Appearance Madhyamaka in an Early Twelfth Century Tibetan Commentary (to appear)
• Apple, James. Technologies for the Mind, Exercises for the Selfless: Reading the Madhyamakopadeśa with Hadot 2015.
• Apple, James. The Stages of the Path (lam rim) of Geshe Sha-ra-ba: Analysis of An Early Extant Tibetan lam rim. 2015.
• Apple, James. Phylogenetic Analysis in the Study of Tibetan Kanjurs (to appear)
• Apple, James. Transvaluing Buddhist Categories of Spiritual Attainment through Semantic Elucidation (nirukti): A Rhetorical Technique in Early Mahāyāna Sūtras 2014.
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  Apple, James. "The Knot Tied with Space”: Notes on a Previously Unidentified Stanza in Candrakīrti’s Prasannapadā and its Rhetorical Use. 2014.
• Apple, James. Fragments and Phylogenetics of the Old Tibetan Version of the Avaivartikacakrasūtra from Dunhuang 2014.
• Apple, James. Redaction and Rhetoric in Mahāyāna Sūtras: The Case of Jayamati 2013.
• Apple, James. The Historical Emergence of Maitreya’s Tuṣita Heaven as a Pure Land in Geluk-pa forms of Tibetan Buddhism. 2013.
• Apple, James. Phylogenetics and Philology in the Study of Tibetan Kanjurs: The Case of the Tibetan Dunhuang version of the Sūtra of Jayamati. 2013.
• Apple, James. A Re-evaluation of Pelliot tibétain 1257: An Early Tibetan-Chinese Glossary from Dunhuang 2013.
• Apple, James. An Old Tibetan Fragment of the Avaivartikacakra sūtra from Dunhuang in the Stein Collection 2012.
• Apple, James. “The Influence of the Avaivartikacakra Mahāyāna sūtra in Indian Buddhist History based on its citation in Indian Buddhist Commentaries.” 2012.
• Apple, James. The Status Marking Term Avaivartikacakra in Mahāyāna Sūtras 2011.
• Apple, James. The phrase ‘dharmaparyāyo hastagato’ in Mahāyāna Buddhist literature: re-thinking the cult of the book in middle period Indian Mahāyāna Buddhism 2010.
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  Apple, James. The Transmission of Early Tibetan Prajñāpāramitā Commentaries based on newly uncovered bKa' gdams pa works 2010.
• Apple, James. Philology and Phylogenetics in the Study of the Tibetan Kanjur. 2010.
• Apple, James. “The Early Development of Tibetan Abhisamayālaṃkāra literature in the light of newly uncovered bKa' gdams pa works.” 2009.
• Apple, James. Emergent Ideology through Semantic elucidation A Case Study in the Rhetoric of Mahāyāna Buddhist formations 2008.
• Apple, James. Re-describing Maṇḍalas: A Test Case in Bodh Gayā, India 2008.
• Apple, James. Semantics of the Samgha: Tibetan scholastic hermeneutics on the abstract ideal of the Buddhist Community 2005.
• Apple, James. Analytic parallels between Buddhist philosophical thought and socio-rhetorical approaches to the study of religion 2005.
• Apple, James. Respondent: Mind in Buddhist Philosophy 2004.
• Apple, James. Buddhist Theories of Mind as Representationalist Analysis: Bridging the Gap between ‘First Person’ Accounts for ‘Third Person’ Problems 2004.
• Apple, James. Are we on the road to Shambala? Approaches to Tibetan Buddhism in the Public University Curriculum 2004.
• Apple, James. Asian Philosophy as a Way of Life 2004.
• Apple, James. The Stone Maṇḍalas of Bodh-gayā 2004.
• Apple, James. Tsong-kha-pa’s Theory of Karma 2003.
• Apple, James. Indian and Tibetan Buddhist Scholastic accounts of Consciousness 2003.
• Apple, James. Mind and Mental Factors in Indo-Tibetan Scholasticism 2003.
• Apple, James. Nāgārjuna’s Philosophy as a Way of Life: Hadot, Spiritual Exercises, and Things Buddhist 2003.
• Apple, James. Tibet and the Dalai Lama: An Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 2001.
• Apple, James. Intuitive (pratyātmavedya) and Apperceptive knowledge in Indo-Tibetan Buddhist Thought 2001.

Invited Lectures/Presentations

• Apple, James. "Khu lo tsā ba’s Treatise on the Svātantrika/Prāsaṅgika Distinction in early 12th century Tibet."Harvard Buddhist Studies Forum, Mahindra Humanities Center Harvard University 2017.

Journal Article

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  Apple, James. "The Ten Worlds of Tiantai Zhiyi within Atiśa’s Stages of the Path.". Bulletin of the Institute of Oriental Philosophy 東洋哲学研究所紀要 38. (2023): 23-39. Print.
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  Apple, James. "Gelukpa". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion, (2022). Print.
• Apple, James. "大乗仏教の釈義にみられる「傾き流れる法」という譬喩 [Daijō bukkyō no shakugi ni mi rareru `katamuki nagareru hō' to iu hiyu (“The Tilting Stream of Dharma Metaphor in Mahāyāna Buddhist Exegesis”)". 東洋学術研究 Tōyō gakujutsu kenkyū 61.2 (2022). Print.
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  Apple, James. "Diplomatic Edition of the Dunhuang Tibetan Version of the Vīradattaparipṛcchā (dpa’ sbyin gyis zhus pa).". Annual Report of The International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University for the Academic Year 2019 23. (2020): 89-115. Print.
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  Apple, James. "Kadampa (bka gdams pa) Pointing-out Instructions.". Revue d’Etudes Tibétaine, 56 (2020): 170-262. Print.
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  Apple, James. "The Semantic Elucidation (nirukta) of Bodhisattva Spiritual Attainment: A Rhetorical Technique in Early Mahāyāna Sūtra". Annual Report of The International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University for the Academic Year 2018 22. (2019): 171-192. Print.
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  Apple, James. "Atiśa and Ratnākaraśānti as Philosophical Opponents with attention to Yuktiṣaṣṭikā, verse 34". Critical Review for Buddhist Studies, 23 (2018): 9-38. Print.
• Apple, James. "The Old Tibetan Version of the Kāśyapaparivarta preserved in Fragments from Dunhuang (2).". Annual Report of The International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University for the Academic Year 2017,, (2018). Print.
• Apple, James. "The Lotus sutra in Tibetan Buddhist History and Culture. Part II". Bulletin of the Institute of Oriental Philosophy 33. (2018): 215-230. Print.
• Apple, James. "Khu lo tsā ba’s Treatise: Distinguishing the Svātantrika/*Prāsaṅgika Difference in Early Twelfth Century Tibet". Journal of Indian Philosophy 46.5 (2018): 935-981. Print.
• Apple, James. "Perfections (Six and Ten) of Bodhisattvas in Buddhist Literature". Oxford Encyclopedia of Religion: Buddhism, (2017). Print.
• Apple, James. "The Lotus sutra in Tibetan Buddhist History and Culture. Part I.". Bulletin of the Institute of Oriental Philosophy 32. (2017): 129-143. Print.
• Apple, James. "The Old Tibetan Version of the Kāśyapaparivarta preserved in Fragments from Dunhuang (1)". Annual Report of The International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University for the Academic Year 2016 20. (2017): 205-230. Print.
• Apple, James. "Atiśa’s Teachings on Mahāmudra". The Indian International Journal of Buddhist Studies 18. (2017): 1-42. Print.
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  Apple, James. "A Re-evaluation of Pelliot tibétain 1257: An Early Tibetan-Chinese Glossary from Dunhuang". Revue d’Etudes Tibétaines, 42 (2017): 5-113. Print.
• Apple, James. "Abhisamayālaṃkāra". Oxford Encyclopedia of Buddhism (to appear), Print.
• Apple, James. "Candrakīrti and the Lotus sutra". Bulletin of the Institute of Oriental Philosophy 31.1 (2016): 97-122. Print.
• Apple, James. "“The Knot Tied with Space”: Notes on a Previously Unidentified Stanza in Buddhist Literature and Its Citation.". The Indian International Journal of Buddhist Studies (to appear), Print.
• Apple, James. "An Early Bka’-gdams-pa Madhyamaka Work Attributed to Atiśa Dīpaṃkaraśrījñāna". Journal of Indian Philosophy, (2015). Print.
• Apple, James. "A Study and Translation of Atiśa’s Madhyamakopadésa with Indian and Tibetan Commentaries". Acta Tibetica et Buddhica 7. (2015): 1-82. Print.
• Apple, James. "The Single Vehicle (ekayāna) in the Avaivartikacakra sūtra and Lotus sūtra". Bulletin of the Institute of Oriental Philosophy 30. (2015): 13-43. Print.
• Apple, James. "Redaction and Rhetoric in Mahāyāna Sūtras: The Case of the Jayamatiparipṛcchāsūtra". Indo-Iranian Journal 58. (2015): 1-25. Print.
• Apple, James. "Mindfulness and Vigilance in Tsong-kha-pa’s Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment". Buddhist Foundations of Mindfulness, (2015): 244-268. Print.
• Apple, James. "The Phrase dharmaparyāyo hastagato in Mahāyāna Buddhist Literature: Rethinking the Cult of the Book in Middle Period Indian Mahāyāna Buddhism.". Journal of the American Oriental Society 134.1 (2014): 25-50. Print.
• Apple, James. "The Irreversible Bodhisattva (avaivartika) in the Lotus sūtra and Avaivartikacakrasūtra". Bulletin of the Institute of Oriental Philosophy 29. (2014). Print.
• Apple, James. "Fragments and Phylogeny of the Tibetan Version of the Mañjuśrīvihārasūtra: A Case Study in the Genealogy of Tibetan Kanjurs". ARIRIAB XVII. (2014). Print.
• Apple, James. "An Early Tibetan Commentary on Atiśa’s Satyadvayāvatāra.". Journal of Indian Philosophy, (2013). Print.
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  Apple, James. "Alleviating the Eliade Effect: Neil McMullin's Critique of Mircea Eliade's Regnant Discourse in the Study of Religion". Method and Theory in Study of Religion, (2013). Print.
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  Apple, James. "An Early Tibetan Commentary on Atiśa’s Satyadvayāvatāra: Diplomatic Edition with Introduction and Notes". Journal of Indian Philosophy, (2013). Print.
• Apple, James. "The Influence of the Avaivartikacakra Mahāyāna sūtra in Indian Buddhism based on Its Citation in Indian Buddhist Commentaries". Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies 61.3 (2013). Print.
• Apple, James. "“Bodhisattva.”". Oxford Bibliographies Online: Buddhism, (2012). Print.
• Apple, James. "The Structure and Content of the Avaivartikacakra sūtra and Its Relation to the Lotus Sūtra". Bulletin of The Institute of Oriental Philosophy 28. (2012): 155-174. Print.
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  Apple, James. "The Mahāyāna Path of the Bodhisattva in the Ornament of Clear Realization". Religion Compass 5.5 (2011): 166-179. Print.
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  Apple, James. "Perfections (Six and Ten)". Oxford Bibliographies Online: Buddhism, (2011). Print.
• Apple, James. "On Avaivartika and Avaivartikacakra in Mahāyāna Buddhist Literature with special reference to the Lotus sūtra". Journal of Oriental Philosophy, (2011): 53-81. Print.
• Apple, James. "Can Buddhist Thought be construed as a philosophia, or a way of life?". Journal of Oriental Philosophy December. (2010): 43-55. Print.
• Apple, James. "Atiśa's Open Basket of Jewels: A Middle Way Vision in Late Phase Indian Vajrayāna". The Indian International Journal of Buddhist Studies 11. (2010): 117-198. Print.
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  Apple, James. "Eschatology and World Order in Buddhist Formations.". Religious Studies and Theology 29.1 (2010): 109-122. Print.
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  Apple, James. "“Contributions to the development and classification of Abhisamayālaṃkāra literature in Tibet from the 9th to 14th century.”". Journal of the International Association of Tibetan Studies, (2009). Print.
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  Apple, James. "“Wordplay”: Emergent Ideology through Semantic elucidation A Rhetorical Technique in Mahāyāna Buddhist formations". Bulletin for the Institute of Oriental Philosophy 25. (2009): 161-173. Print.
• Apple, James. "“A Stone Maṇḍala at the Mahābodhi Temple in Bodh Gayā.”". The Journal of Oriental Studies 47.2 (2008): 207. Print.
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  Apple, James. "An Assembly of Irreversible Bodhisattvas. Twenty Varieties of the Saṃgha: A Typology of Noble Beings (Ārya) in Indo-Tibetan Scholasticism (Part 2)". Journal of Indian Philosophy 32.2-3 (2004): 211-279. Print.
• Apple, James. "Twenty Varieties of the Saṃgha: A Typology of Noble Beings (Ārya) in Indo-Tibetan Scholasticism (Part 1)". Journal of Indian Philosophy 31.5 (2003): 503-592. Print.

Other

• Apple, James. "Mañjuśrī" in Encyclopedia of Indian Religions, edited by A. Sharma. (to appear)
• Apple, James. Vimalakīrti, Encyclopedia of Indian Religions, edited by A. Sharma. 2013.
• Apple, James. "Abhisamayālaṃkāra" in Encyclopedia of Indian Religions, edited by A. Sharma. (to appear)
• Apple, James. Prajñāpāramitā in Encyclopedia of Indian Religions, edited by A. Sharma. (to appear)
• Apple, James. "Pāramitā" in Encyclopedia of Indian Religions, edited by A. Sharma. (to appear)
• Apple, James. “Transvaluing Buddhist Categories of Spiritual Attainment through Semantic Elucidation (nirukti): A Rhetorical Technique in Early Mahāyāna Sūtras.” Invited Speaker Institute for Research in Humanities, Kyoto University. Wednesday, May 23, 2012. 2012.
• Apple, James. “Stairway to Nirvāṇa: Structural Analysis of the Twenty Saṃghas.” Invited Speaker National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan. Monday, May 28, 2012 2012.
• Apple, James. “The Structure and Content of the Avaivartikacakra sūtra and Its Relation to the Lotus Sūtra.” Invited speaker Institute of Oriental Philosophy. Hachioji, Japan. Tuesday, June 5, 2012. 2012.
• Apple, James. “An Early Kadam (bka’ gdams) Commentary on Atiśa’s Satyadvayāvatāra.” Invited speaker Ryūkoku University, Kyoto, Japan. Monday, June 18, 2012. 2012.
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  Apple, James. Avaivartika and Avaivartikacakra in Mahāyāna Sūtras (International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology, Soka University, Hachioji, Japan, Public Lecture). 2010.
• Apple, James. Can Buddhist Thought be construed as philosophia, or a way of life? Relating Pierre Hadot to Buddhist Discourses on Self-Cultivation. (Institute of Oriental Philosophy, Tokyo, Japan, Public Lecture) 2010.
• Apple, James. “The Dalai Lamas: A Cultural Heritage of Embodied Compassion.” Numata Chair of Buddhist Studies in the Department of Religious Studies Invited Lecture 2009.
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  Apple, James. “Spiritual Discipline (Buddhism).” Encyclopedia of Love in World Religions (ABC-CLIO 2007). Page 600. 2007.
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  Apple, James. “Saints (Buddhism).” Encyclopedia of Love in World Religions (ABC-CLIO 2007). Pages 530-531. 2007.
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  Apple, James. Eight articles, including “Atiśa"(Vol I:76-77) , Candrakīrti”(Vol I: 171), "Gedun drubpa" (Vol I: 301), "Gyeltsap Darma Rinchen" (Vol I:334-335), "Kamalaśila" (Vol II: 462-463), "Khedrub Jey"(Vol II: 474), “Naropa” (Vol II: 627-628), “Tsong kha pa” (Vol III: 866) for Holy People of the World: A Cross-Cultural Encyclopedia (ABC-CLIO 2004). 2004.
• Apple, James. Mind and Mental Factors in Tibetan Buddhism (translation, Foundation for the Preservation of Mahayana Buddhism, 2001). 2001.